Lateral meristems are regions of actively dividing cells located along the sides of stems and roots, responsible for secondary growth in plants. This growth allows plants to increase in girth, leading to the thickening of stems and roots, which is crucial for structural support and nutrient transport. Lateral meristems include the vascular cambium and cork cambium, which contribute to the formation of secondary xylem and phloem, as well as protective tissues.
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