College Physics III – Thermodynamics, Electricity, and Magnetism
Definition
An induced electrical field is created in a dielectric material when it is exposed to an external electric field, causing the alignment of its molecular dipoles. This phenomenon affects the overall capacitance and behavior of capacitors.
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Induced electrical fields result from the polarization of molecules within a dielectric material.
The strength of the induced electrical field is directly proportional to the applied external electric field.
Dielectric materials increase the capacitance of a capacitor by reducing the effective electric field within it.
The induced electrical field opposes the external electric field, reducing the net electric field in the dielectric.
This concept is crucial for understanding how capacitors function with different dielectric materials.
Review Questions
What causes an induced electrical field in a dielectric material?
How does an induced electrical field affect the net electric field in a dielectric?
Why is the concept of induced electrical fields important for understanding capacitance?
Related terms
Dielectric: A non-conductive material that can be polarized by an electric field, affecting its overall capacitance.
Polarization: The alignment of molecular dipoles within a dielectric material due to an external electric field.
Capacitance: $$C = \frac{Q}{V}$$, where $$C$$ is capacitance, $$Q$$ is charge, and $$V$$ is voltage; it measures a capacitor's ability to store charge.