College Physics III – Thermodynamics, Electricity, and Magnetism

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Electrical conductivity

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College Physics III – Thermodynamics, Electricity, and Magnetism

Definition

Electrical conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. It is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity and is denoted by the symbol $\sigma$.

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5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. The SI unit of electrical conductivity is Siemens per meter (S/m).
  2. Conductivity depends on the number of free charge carriers in a material.
  3. Metals typically have high conductivity due to abundant free electrons.
  4. Temperature can affect conductivity; for metals, it usually decreases with increasing temperature.
  5. Electrical conductivity is mathematically related to resistivity by $\sigma = \frac{1}{\rho}$, where $\rho$ is resistivity.

Review Questions

  • What is the relationship between electrical conductivity and resistivity?
  • How does temperature generally affect the electrical conductivity of metals?
  • What factors influence the electrical conductivity of a material?
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