John Bardeen was an American physicist and electrical engineer who won the Nobel Prize in Physics twice. He is most noted for his work on superconductivity and the invention of the transistor.
BCS Theory: A theoretical model explaining superconductivity as a microscopic effect caused by Cooper pairs of electrons.
Cooper Pair: A pair of electrons bound together at low temperatures in a manner that allows them to move through a superconductor without resistance.
Critical Temperature: The temperature below which a material becomes superconducting and exhibits zero electrical resistance.