Avogadro’s number
Definition
Avogadro's number is the number of constituent particles (usually atoms or molecules) in one mole of a substance, equal to approximately $6.022 \times 10^{23}$. It is a fundamental constant used in chemistry and physics to relate macroscopic and microscopic properties.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
- Avogadro's number is $6.022 \times 10^{23}$ particles per mole.
- It allows for the conversion between moles and number of particles.
- In the kinetic theory of gases, it helps relate macroscopic gas properties to molecular behavior.
- Avogadro's number is essential for calculating the molar volume of an ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP).
- It plays a key role in determining quantities like Boltzmann's constant when dealing with individual molecules.
Review Questions
- What is Avogadro's number and how is it used in the context of an ideal gas?
- How does Avogadro's number facilitate conversions between moles and individual molecules?
- Why is Avogadro's number important for understanding the kinetic theory of gases?
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Related terms
Mole: A unit that measures the amount of substance, defined as containing exactly $6.022 \times 10^{23}$ constituent particles.
Ideal Gas Law: $PV = nRT$, which describes the relationship between pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), and moles of gas (n).
Boltzmann Constant: $k_B$ relates the average kinetic energy of particles in a gas with the temperature, calculated as $R/N_A$ where $R$ is the gas constant and $N_A$ is Avogadro’s number.
