Avogadro
Definition
Avogadro's number is the number of constituent particles (usually atoms or molecules) contained in one mole of a substance. It is defined as $6.022 \times 10^{23}$ particles per mole.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
- Avogadro's number is crucial for converting between atomic scale measurements and macroscopic quantities.
- The value of Avogadro's number is approximately $6.022 \times 10^{23}$ particles per mole.
- It allows chemists and physicists to count the number of atoms, ions, or molecules in a given sample by weighing it.
- Avogadro's number provides the link between the macroscopic scale (grams) and the microscopic scale (atomic mass units).
- In the kinetic theory of gases, Avogadro's law states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain an equal number of molecules.
Review Questions
- What is Avogadro's number and why is it important in physics?
- How does Avogadro's number relate to moles and molecular quantities?
- Explain how Avogadro's law applies to gases under identical conditions.
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Related terms
Mole: A unit that measures the amount of substance, equivalent to $6.022 \times 10^{23}$ entities (atoms, molecules, etc.).
Ideal Gas Law: $PV = nRT$, which relates pressure ($P$), volume ($V$), amount of gas ($n$), gas constant ($R$), and temperature ($T$).
Boltzmann Constant: $k_B = 1.38 \times 10^{-23} \, J/K$, relates the average kinetic energy of particles in a gas with temperature.
