Fermi-Dirac statistics is a quantum statistical distribution that describes the occupancy of energy states by fermions, which are particles that follow the Pauli exclusion principle. This principle states that no two fermions can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously, leading to unique distribution characteristics at different temperatures. This statistical model is crucial for understanding the behavior of electrons in materials, particularly in semiconductors, as it helps predict how many electrons occupy energy levels and how they contribute to electrical conduction.
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