Turbulence

Definition

Turbulence is a type of fluid flow characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity. It contrasts with laminar flow, where the fluid moves smoothly in parallel layers.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Turbulent flow is typically described by a high Reynolds number, usually greater than 4000.
2. In turbulent flow, velocity and pressure fluctuate over time and space.
3. The transition from laminar to turbulent flow depends on factors such as fluid velocity, viscosity, and characteristic length scale.
4. Turbulence increases the energy dissipation rate within a fluid due to enhanced mixing and momentum transfer.
5. The Navier-Stokes equations govern both laminar and turbulent flows but are more difficult to solve analytically for turbulence.

Review Questions

• What distinguishes turbulent flow from laminar flow in terms of Reynolds number?
• How do velocity and pressure behave in a turbulent flow compared to a laminar flow?
• Which factors influence the transition from laminar to turbulent flow?

Related terms

Reynolds Number:

A dimensionless quantity used to predict flow patterns in different fluid flow situations. It is the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces.

Laminar Flow:

A type of fluid flow where the fluid travels smoothly or in regular paths, in contrast to turbulent flow.

Navier-Stokes Equations: \text{A set of nonlinear partial differential equations that describe the motion of viscous fluid substances.}