Torque

Definition

Torque is a measure of the rotational force applied to an object around a pivot point. It is calculated by the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the pivot point to the line of action of the force.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The formula for torque ($\tau$) is $\tau = r \times F \sin(\theta)$ where $r$ is the lever arm, $F$ is the force, and $\theta$ is the angle between them.
2. Torque has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity.
3. The SI unit for torque is Newton-meter (N·m).
4. If multiple torques act on an object, their net effect can be found by vector addition of individual torques.
5. In equilibrium, the sum of all torques acting on a system must be zero.

Review Questions

• What is the mathematical formula for calculating torque?
• Explain why torque is considered a vector quantity.
• What condition must be met for an object in rotational equilibrium?

Related terms

Lever Arm: The perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the line along which the force acts.

Rotational Equilibrium: A state where the sum of all torques acting on an object is zero, resulting in no angular acceleration.

Moment of Inertia: A measure of an object's resistance to changes in its rotational motion about an axis.