College Physics II – Mechanics, Sound, Oscillations, and Waves
Definition
A static fluid is a fluid that is not in motion, meaning there are no flow velocities. It remains at rest or in a state of equilibrium under the influence of external forces like gravity.
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The pressure in a static fluid increases with depth due to the weight of the fluid above it.
Pascal's law states that any change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid.
In a static fluid, the pressure at any given point is isotropic, meaning it acts equally in all directions.
The hydrostatic equation $P = P_0 + \rho gh$ relates the pressure at a depth h to the surface pressure $P_0$, the density $\rho$ of the fluid, and gravitational acceleration g.
A static fluid exerts a buoyant force on submerged objects equal to the weight of the displaced fluid, as described by Archimedes' principle.
Review Questions
How does pressure change with depth in a static fluid?
What does Pascal's law state about pressure changes in an enclosed static fluid?
Explain how Archimedes' principle applies to objects submerged in a static fluid.
Related terms
Pascal's Law: Principle stating that when pressure is applied to an enclosed incompressible fluid, it is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid.
Hydrostatic Pressure: The pressure exerted by a stationary fluid due to its weight; calculated as $P = P_0 + \rho gh$.
Archimedes' Principle: A principle stating that any object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.