Solids

Definition

Solids are a state of matter characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes in shape or volume. In solids, particles are closely packed together, usually in a regular pattern.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Solids have a definite shape and volume due to the fixed positions of their particles.
2. The density of a solid is typically higher than that of liquids and gases because of the close packing of its particles.
3. Solids can be classified into crystalline (ordered structure) and amorphous (disordered structure).
4. The pressure exerted by or on a solid is generally uniform over its surface if the force is evenly distributed.
5. In fluid mechanics, solids interact with fluids through phenomena such as buoyancy and pressure differential.

Review Questions

• What distinguishes the particle arrangement in solids from those in liquids and gases?
• How does the density of a solid compare to that of liquids and gases?
• What are the two main classifications of solids based on their internal structure?

Related terms

Density: A measure of mass per unit volume, often denoted by $\rho$.

Buoyancy: The ability or tendency of an object to float in a fluid due to differences in density.

Pressure: $P = \frac{F}{A}$ where $P$ is pressure, $F$ is the normal force, and $A$ is the area over which the force is applied.