Plasma

Definition

Plasma is an ionized gas composed of ions, electrons, and neutral particles. It exhibits unique properties such as electrical conductivity and responsiveness to magnetic fields.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Plasma is often considered the fourth state of matter, distinct from solids, liquids, and gases.
2. In fluid mechanics, plasma dynamics are governed by both electromagnetic forces and fluid dynamic principles.
3. The behavior of plasmas can be described using the concepts of Debye length and plasma frequency.
4. Plasmas can be found naturally in stars, including our Sun, where high temperatures ionize gas particles.
5. Laboratory plasmas are used in applications such as fusion reactors and plasma televisions.

Review Questions

• What distinguishes plasma from other states of matter?
• How do electromagnetic forces influence the behavior of plasmas?
• Name two natural occurrences where plasma can be found.

Related terms

Ionization: The process by which atoms or molecules gain or lose electrons to form ions.

Debye Length: A measure of a plasma's ability to shield out electric potentials within it; it represents the effective range over which electric fields influence charges in the plasma.

Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD): The study of the dynamics of electrically conducting fluids like plasmas, liquid metals, and saltwater under the influence of magnetic fields.