College Physics II – Mechanics, Sound, Oscillations, and Waves
Definition
Periodic motion is a type of motion that repeats itself at regular time intervals. Examples include oscillations of a pendulum or vibrations of a mass-spring system.
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The period $T$ is the time it takes for one complete cycle of periodic motion.
Frequency $f$ is the number of cycles per unit time and is given by $f = \frac{1}{T}$.
Examples include simple harmonic motion, like that of a mass on a spring or a pendulum under small displacements.
In simple harmonic motion, the restoring force is proportional to the displacement and acts in the opposite direction: $F = -kx$.
The amplitude $A$ is the maximum displacement from the equilibrium position.
Review Questions
What is the relationship between period $T$ and frequency $f$ in periodic motion?
Give an example of periodic motion and describe its characteristics.
How does the restoring force relate to displacement in simple harmonic motion?
Related terms
Simple Harmonic Motion: A type of periodic motion where the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement and acts in the opposite direction.
Amplitude: The maximum extent of displacement from the equilibrium position in periodic motion.
Frequency: The number of complete cycles per unit time in periodic motion, measured in Hertz (Hz).