College Physics II – Mechanics, Sound, Oscillations, and Waves
Definition
The International Space Station (ISS) is a large spacecraft in low Earth orbit, serving as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory. It orbits Earth at an average altitude of approximately 400 km.
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The ISS orbits the Earth approximately once every 90 minutes, traveling at a speed of about 28,000 km/h.
Its orbital period allows it to experience multiple sunrises and sunsets each day, providing unique opportunities for astronomical observations.
The gravitational force experienced on the ISS is about 90% of that on Earth's surface, but the station remains in continuous freefall, creating a microgravity environment.
Energy for the ISS is primarily supplied by its solar arrays, which convert sunlight into electrical power.
Maintaining the ISS's orbit requires periodic boosts from visiting spacecraft or onboard thrusters to counteract atmospheric drag.
Review Questions
What is the approximate altitude at which the ISS orbits Earth?
Why does the ISS experience microgravity despite being within Earth's gravitational influence?
How frequently does the ISS complete one orbit around Earth?