Hydropower

Definition

Hydropower is the generation of electricity using the energy from flowing or falling water. It converts potential energy stored in water at height to kinetic energy and then to electrical energy.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hydropower relies on the gravitational potential energy of water, which is converted into kinetic energy as it flows downhill.
2. The efficiency of hydropower plants can be very high, often exceeding 90%, due to low frictional losses.
3. Dams are commonly used in hydropower systems to create a reservoir that stores water at a higher elevation, increasing its potential energy.
4. Turbines and generators are key components in hydropower plants; the turbines convert kinetic energy into mechanical energy, which generators then convert into electrical energy.
5. Hydropower is considered a renewable source of energy because it uses the Earth's water cycle for power generation.

Review Questions

• What type of potential energy is utilized in hydropower systems?
• How do dams contribute to the effectiveness of hydropower plants?
• What are the main components involved in converting kinetic energy to electrical energy in a hydropower plant?

Related terms

Gravitational Potential Energy: The potential energy held by an object because of its high position compared to a lower position.

Kinetic Energy: The energy possessed by an object due to its motion.

Turbine: A device that converts fluid flow (such as water) into mechanical work, often used in power generation systems.