Exact differential
from class:
College Physics II – Mechanics, Sound, Oscillations, and Waves
Definition
An exact differential is a differential form that can be expressed as the gradient of some scalar function. It indicates a path-independent process in thermodynamics and mechanics.
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5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
- An exact differential implies the existence of a potential function such that $dU = \frac{\partial U}{\partial x} dx + \frac{\partial U}{\partial y} dy$.
- For a force field to be conservative, its work done must equal the change in a potential function, represented by an exact differential.
- A necessary condition for a differential $M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy$ to be exact is $\frac{\partial M}{\partial y} = \frac{\partial N}{\partial x}$.
- If the curl of a vector field is zero, then the field is conservative, and its line integral around any closed loop is zero.
- Exact differentials are often used in identifying conservative forces where the total mechanical energy remains constant.
Review Questions
- What condition must be met for a differential $M(x,y)dx + N(x,y)dy$ to be considered exact?
- How does an exact differential relate to conservative forces and potential energy?
- Explain why the curl of a vector field being zero signifies that it is an exact differential.
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