Equilibrium point

Definition

An equilibrium point is a position where the net force acting on a system is zero, resulting in no acceleration. In potential energy diagrams, it corresponds to points where the slope of the potential energy curve is zero.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. At an equilibrium point, the first derivative of the potential energy with respect to position is zero ($\frac{dU}{dx} = 0$).
2. Equilibrium points can be stable, unstable, or neutral depending on the curvature of the potential energy function at that point.
3. A stable equilibrium occurs when small displacements result in restoring forces that bring the system back to equilibrium.
4. An unstable equilibrium occurs when small displacements result in forces that drive the system further from equilibrium.
5. Potential wells in diagrams often indicate stable equilibrium points where particles are likely to oscillate.

Review Questions

• What condition must be met for a position to be considered an equilibrium point?
• How do you determine if an equilibrium point is stable or unstable based on a potential energy diagram?
• Describe what happens to a particle at an unstable equilibrium when it experiences a small displacement.

Related terms

Potential Energy: The stored energy in a system due to its position or configuration.

Stable Equilibrium: A state where a system returns to its initial position after being slightly displaced.

Unstable Equilibrium: A state where any small displacement leads to further displacement away from the initial position.