Transaminase

Definition

Transaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of amino groups from an amino acid to a keto acid. This process is essential in amino acid metabolism and liver function.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Transaminases are key indicators in liver function tests, helping diagnose liver damage or disease.
2. The two main types of transaminases relevant to clinical practice are alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST).
3. Elevated levels of ALT and AST can occur due to conditions like hepatitis, cirrhosis, and drug-induced liver injury.
4. Transaminase levels may be monitored when patients are on medications that have potential hepatotoxic effects, including certain antiulcer drugs.
5. Histamine blockers and proton-pump inhibitors generally do not significantly raise transaminase levels unless there is an underlying hepatic condition.

Review Questions

• What role do transaminases play in diagnosing liver diseases?
• What are the two primary types of transaminases used in clinical settings?
• Why might a patient's transaminase levels be monitored while on certain medications?

Related terms

Alanine Transaminase (ALT): An enzyme found primarily in the liver; elevated levels can indicate liver damage.

Aspartate Transaminase (AST): An enzyme found in various tissues including the liver; elevated levels can suggest liver or heart damage.

Hepatotoxicity: Liver damage caused by chemicals, often monitored by measuring transaminase levels.