Thyroid gland

Definition

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the neck that produces hormones regulating metabolism, growth, and development. It primarily secretes thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Thyroid hormones are critical for metabolic rate and protein synthesis.
2. Hypothyroidism is treated with synthetic thyroid hormone levothyroxine.
3. Hyperthyroidism may be managed with antithyroid drugs such as methimazole or propylthiouracil.
4. Thyroid function tests include measuring TSH, T3, and T4 levels.
5. Radioactive iodine is often used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.

Review Questions

• What are the primary hormones produced by the thyroid gland?
• How is hypothyroidism generally treated in pharmacology?
• Name two antithyroid medications used to manage hyperthyroidism.

Related terms

Hypothyroidism: A condition where the thyroid gland is underactive, producing insufficient thyroid hormones.

Hyperthyroidism: A condition where the thyroid gland is overactive, producing excessive thyroid hormones.

TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone): A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates the production of hormones by the thyroid gland.