Second-generation antipsychotics

Definition

Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), also known as atypical antipsychotics, are medications used to treat psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. They are distinguished from first-generation antipsychotics by their reduced risk of extrapyramidal side effects.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. SGAs target both dopamine and serotonin receptors, which contributes to their efficacy and lower risk of movement disorders.
2. Common SGAs include risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole, and clozapine.
3. Clozapine is often reserved for treatment-resistant schizophrenia due to its potential for severe side effects like agranulocytosis.
4. SGAs can cause metabolic side effects such as weight gain, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.
5. Monitoring patients on SGAs involves regular assessments of weight, blood glucose levels, and lipid profiles.

Review Questions

• What neurotransmitter receptors do second-generation antipsychotics primarily target?
• Name three common second-generation antipsychotic medications.
• Why is clozapine generally reserved for treatment-resistant cases?

Related terms

First-Generation Antipsychotics: Older class of antipsychotic drugs primarily targeting dopamine receptors with higher risk of extrapyramidal side effects.

Extrapyramidal Side Effects: Drug-induced movement disorders that include symptoms like tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and tardive dyskinesia.

Metabolic Syndrome: A cluster of conditions including increased blood pressure, high blood sugar levels, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol levels that increase the risk of heart disease.