Prolactin (PRL)

Definition

Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that primarily stimulates milk production in mammals. It also has roles in regulating the immune system and reproductive functions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Prolactin secretion is controlled by the hypothalamus through inhibitory dopamine release.
2. Elevated prolactin levels can lead to conditions such as galactorrhea and amenorrhea.
3. Certain medications, like antipsychotics, can increase prolactin levels by inhibiting dopamine receptors.
4. Prolactin levels are typically higher during pregnancy and breastfeeding to facilitate milk production.
5. Bromocriptine and cabergoline are drugs used to treat hyperprolactinemia by activating dopamine receptors.

Review Questions

• What role does dopamine play in the regulation of prolactin secretion?
• Name two drugs that are used to manage high prolactin levels and explain their mechanism of action.
• How might elevated prolactin levels affect menstrual cycles?

Related terms

Hypothalamus:

A brain region controlling the pituitary gland and involved in homeostasis.

Dopamine:

A neurotransmitter that inhibits prolactin release from the anterior pituitary gland.

Galactorrhea: The inappropriate production of breast milk often due to elevated prolactin levels.