Peristalsis

Definition

Peristalsis is the coordinated, rhythmic contractions of smooth muscles that move food through the gastrointestinal tract. It ensures the progressive movement of contents from the esophagus to the rectum.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Peristalsis is essential for the propulsion of food and waste through the digestive system.
2. It is controlled by both the autonomic nervous system and local reflexes within the gut wall.
3. Peristaltic movements are initiated in response to stretching of the intestinal walls by food boluses.
4. Certain medications can enhance or inhibit peristalsis, affecting digestion and absorption.
5. Disorders like achalasia and intestinal pseudo-obstruction can impair peristalsis, leading to significant clinical symptoms.

Review Questions

• What physiological mechanism propels food through the digestive tract?
• How does peristalsis differ from segmental contractions in terms of function?
• Name a condition that can disrupt normal peristaltic movements.

Related terms

Autonomic Nervous System: Controls involuntary actions including digestion through sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways.

Achalasia: A disorder where peristalsis is impaired due to failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax.

Smooth Muscle: Involuntary muscle found in internal organs, responsible for movements like peristalsis.