Nephrotic syndrome

Definition

Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to low blood protein levels and swelling. It often indicates underlying damage to the kidneys' filtering units.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Nephrotic syndrome results from damage to the glomeruli, which are small blood vessels in the kidneys.
2. Common symptoms include severe edema (swelling), especially in the legs and around the eyes.
3. It can lead to complications like infections and blood clots due to loss of proteins that help fight infections and prevent clotting.
4. Treatment often includes corticosteroids and diuretics to reduce swelling and manage symptoms.
5. Management of nephrotic syndrome also involves dietary changes, such as reducing salt intake to control edema.

Review Questions

• What are the primary causes of nephrotic syndrome?
• Explain how diuretics can be used in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome.
• What are some potential complications associated with nephrotic syndrome?

Related terms

Glomerulus:

A network of tiny blood vessels in the kidney where filtration occurs.

Edema:

Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues.

Proteinuria:

The presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine, a key indicator of nephrotic syndrome.