Nephrolithiasis

Definition

Nephrolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones, is the formation of hard mineral and salt deposits in the kidneys. It can cause severe pain and complications if not treated properly.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Nephrolithiasis can exacerbate intracranial emergencies due to increased blood pressure from intense pain.
2. Certain anticonvulsant drugs like topiramate can increase the risk of developing kidney stones.
3. Hydration is key in preventing nephrolithiasis, especially in patients on specific medications for epilepsy or migraines.
4. Symptoms of nephrolithiasis include hematuria, nausea, and severe flank pain, which could complicate clinical assessments during an intracranial emergency.
5. Treatment options may include pain management drugs that do not interfere with anticonvulsants or drugs used for migraine headaches.

Review Questions

• Which anticonvulsant drug is known to increase the risk of nephrolithiasis?
• Why is hydration important for patients at risk of nephrolithiasis?
• What are common symptoms of nephrolithiasis that healthcare providers should monitor?

Related terms

Anticonvulsant Drugs: Medications used to prevent seizures in conditions like epilepsy.

Migraine Headaches: Severe headaches often accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light and sound.

Intracranial Emergencies: Medical situations involving sudden issues within the skull, such as stroke or head trauma.