Modulation

Definition

Modulation is the process by which the body alters the perception and response to pain. It involves various neurotransmitters and pathways that either amplify or diminish pain signals.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Modulation occurs in both the peripheral and central nervous systems.
2. Key neurotransmitters involved in modulation include serotonin, norepinephrine, and endogenous opioids.
3. Drugs used for pain management often target specific pathways involved in pain modulation.
4. Descending pathways from the brain can inhibit ascending pain signals at the spinal cord level.
5. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods can influence pain modulation.

Review Questions

• What role do neurotransmitters play in pain modulation?
• How do descending pathways influence pain perception?
• Name two classes of drugs that can affect pain modulation.

Related terms

Neurotransmitter:

Chemical substances that transmit nerve impulses across a synapse.

Endogenous Opioids:

Naturally occurring peptides in the body that reduce pain by binding to opioid receptors.

Descending Pathways:

Neuronal pathways that send inhibitory signals from the brain to the spinal cord to modulate pain.