Metabolism

Definition

Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to maintain life. It includes processes for converting food to energy and eliminating metabolic wastes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Metabolism consists of two main pathways: anabolism (building up) and catabolism (breaking down).
2. The liver is the primary site for drug metabolism in the body.
3. Cytochrome P450 enzymes play a significant role in the metabolism of many drugs.
4. First-pass metabolism refers to the initial breakdown of orally administered drugs by the liver before they reach systemic circulation.
5. Metabolic rate can be influenced by factors such as age, genetics, diet, and health status.

Review Questions

• What are the main pathways involved in metabolism?
• Which organ is primarily responsible for drug metabolism?
• What role do cytochrome P450 enzymes have in drug metabolism?

Related terms

Pharmacokinetics:

The study of how drugs move through the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Anabolism:

The metabolic pathway that constructs molecules from smaller units, requiring energy.

Catabolism:

The metabolic pathway that breaks down molecules into smaller units, releasing energy.