Mannitol

Definition

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used to reduce intracranial pressure and treat cerebral edema. It works by increasing the osmolarity of the blood, drawing fluid out of tissues and into the vascular space for excretion.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mannitol is often administered intravenously in emergency settings to manage acute intracranial emergencies.
2. It is effective in reducing elevated intracranial pressure due to conditions such as traumatic brain injury or stroke.
3. Mannitol can lead to electrolyte imbalances, particularly hyponatremia and hyperkalemia, which need monitoring during treatment.
4. Its use is contraindicated in patients with severe renal disease, pulmonary edema, or active intracranial bleeding.
5. Regular monitoring of renal function and serum osmolality is crucial during Mannitol therapy to avoid complications like renal failure.

Review Questions

• What are the primary indications for using Mannitol in clinical practice?
• How does Mannitol help reduce intracranial pressure?
• What are some potential side effects and contraindications associated with Mannitol use?

Related terms

Furosemide:

A loop diuretic used to treat fluid retention and swelling caused by heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease.

Acetazolamide:

A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that can be used as a diuretic and also to reduce intraocular pressure.

Cerebral Edema:

Swelling of the brain tissue due to various causes including trauma, ischemia, or infection that can increase intracranial pressure.