Ions

Definition

Ions are atoms or molecules that carry an electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons. They play a crucial role in various physiological processes including nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Ions are essential for maintaining the body's fluid balance and homeostasis.
2. The two main types of ions are cations (positively charged) and anions (negatively charged).
3. Key ions in the human body include sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and chloride (Cl-).
4. Imbalances in ion concentrations can lead to severe health issues such as dehydration, hypertension, and cardiac arrhythmias.
5. Ion channels and pumps regulate the movement of ions across cell membranes, which is vital for cellular function.

Review Questions

• What are the two main types of ions?
• Name at least three key ions involved in human physiology.
• How do ion imbalances affect homeostasis?

Related terms

Electrolytes: Substances that dissociate into ions in solution, crucial for conducting electrical impulses in the body.

Ion Channels: Proteins embedded in cell membranes that allow specific ions to pass through, regulating their concentration.

Homeostasis: The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.