Hypoparathyroidism

Definition

Hypoparathyroidism is a condition characterized by insufficient production of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to low levels of calcium in the blood. It typically results from damage or removal of the parathyroid glands.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hypoparathyroidism leads to hypocalcemia, which can cause muscle cramps and spasms (tetany).
2. Common causes include surgical removal of the thyroid or parathyroid glands and autoimmune disorders.
3. Treatment often involves calcium and vitamin D supplements to manage hypocalcemia.
4. Symptoms may also include tingling in the lips, fingers, and toes, as well as fatigue and anxiety.
5. PTH analogs like teriparatide may be used in severe cases to help regulate calcium levels.

Review Questions

• What are the primary symptoms associated with hypoparathyroidism?
• How is hypoparathyroidism commonly treated?
• What are potential causes of hypoparathyroidism?

Related terms

Hyperparathyroidism:

A condition where there is excessive production of parathyroid hormone, often leading to hypercalcemia.

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH): A hormone produced by the parathyroid glands that regulates calcium levels in the blood.

Hypocalcemia:

A condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood, often seen in patients with hypoparathyroidism.