HIV transmission

Definition

HIV transmission is the spread of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) from one person to another. It occurs through specific activities that allow contact with infected bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding.
2. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can significantly reduce the viral load in an HIV-positive individual, lowering the risk of transmission.
3. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a preventive treatment for people at high risk of HIV infection.
4. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) must be started within 72 hours after potential exposure to HIV to be effective.
5. Healthcare workers are at risk of occupational exposure to HIV and should follow standard precautions and use safety devices.

Review Questions

• What are the primary modes of HIV transmission?
• How does antiretroviral therapy help in reducing the risk of HIV transmission?
• What is the time frame for starting post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) after potential exposure to HIV?

Related terms

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): A treatment regimen for HIV infections that involves taking a combination of drugs to suppress the virus.

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): A preventive treatment taken by HIV-negative individuals at high risk to prevent infection.

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP): An emergency treatment started within 72 hours after potential exposure to HIV to prevent infection.