Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Definition

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a viral infection that causes herpes, which can appear in various parts of the body, most commonly on the genitals or mouth. It exists primarily in two forms: HSV-1 and HSV-2.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. HSV-1 typically causes oral herpes, while HSV-2 is more often responsible for genital herpes.
2. Antiviral medications such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir are commonly used to manage HSV infections.
3. HSV can remain dormant in nerve cells and reactivate periodically, causing recurrent outbreaks.
4. The virus is highly contagious and spreads through direct contact with an infected individual’s sores or bodily fluids.
5. There is currently no cure for HSV; treatment focuses on managing symptoms and reducing transmission risk.

Review Questions

• What are the common antiviral medications used to treat Herpes simplex virus?
• How does Herpes simplex virus typically spread from person to person?
• What is the difference between HSV-1 and HSV-2?

Related terms

Acyclovir: An antiviral drug used to treat infections caused by herpes viruses.

Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that helps treat infections related to herpes viruses by inhibiting viral replication.

Famciclovir: An antiviral medication used to treat herpes zoster (shingles) and genital herpes.