Growth hormone (GH)

Definition

Growth hormone (GH) is a peptide hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration in humans. It plays a critical role in human development and metabolism.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. GH secretion is regulated by the hypothalamus through growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin.
2. Excess GH can lead to a condition called acromegaly in adults or gigantism in children.
3. Deficiency of GH can result in growth failure and short stature in children.
4. Synthetic GH is used therapeutically to treat GH deficiencies and certain other conditions like chronic kidney disease.
5. GH levels are influenced by factors such as sleep, stress, exercise, and nutrition.

Review Questions

• What are the primary functions of Growth Hormone (GH) in the human body?
• How does the hypothalamus regulate the secretion of GH?
• What are potential clinical consequences of both excess and deficient levels of GH?

Related terms

Anterior Pituitary Gland: The part of the pituitary gland that produces growth hormone among other hormones.

GHRH (Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone): A hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary.

Somatostatin: A hormone produced by the hypothalamus that inhibits the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary.