Granulocytopenia

Definition

Granulocytopenia is a condition characterized by an abnormally low number of granulocytes, a type of white blood cell important for fighting infections. It is often a side effect of chemotherapeutic drugs used in cancer treatment.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Granulocytopenia increases the risk of infections due to the reduced immune response.
2. Common chemotherapeutic agents that cause granulocytopenia include alkylating agents and antimetabolites.
3. Patients with granulocytopenia may require prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infections.
4. Symptoms include fever, chills, and frequent infections such as pneumonia or urinary tract infections.
5. Management often includes growth factors like G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) to stimulate white blood cell production.

Review Questions

• What is granulocytopenia and why does it occur during chemotherapy?
• Which types of chemotherapeutic agents are most commonly associated with causing granulocytopenia?
• What are some common management strategies for patients experiencing granulocytopenia?

Related terms

Neutropenia: A decrease in neutrophils, the most common type of granulocyte, leading to increased infection risk.

G-CSF (Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor): A medication used to stimulate the production of white blood cells in patients with low counts.

Myelosuppression: General bone marrow activity suppression resulting in decreased blood cell production, including red cells, white cells, and platelets.