Glycopeptides

Definition

Glycopeptides are a class of antibiotics that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to peptidoglycan precursors. They are primarily used to treat serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Vancomycin is the most well-known glycopeptide antibiotic and is often used as a last-resort treatment for MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus).
2. Glycopeptides are ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria due to the outer membrane barrier.
3. Common side effects of glycopeptides include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
4. Oral vancomycin is specifically used to treat Clostridioides difficile infections in the gastrointestinal tract.
5. Glycopeptides work by binding to the D-Ala-D-Ala portion of cell wall precursors, preventing polymerization and cross-linking.

Review Questions

• What types of infections are glycopeptide antibiotics typically used to treat?
• Why are glycopeptides ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria?
• Name a common adverse effect associated with glycopeptide antibiotics.

Related terms

Beta-lactams: A class of antibiotics that includes penicillins and cephalosporins, which also target bacterial cell wall synthesis.

MRSA: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a type of staph bacteria resistant to many antibiotics, including methicillin.

Nephrotoxicity: Toxicity in the kidneys; a potential side effect of certain medications, including some antibiotics like glycopeptides.