Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Definition

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It helps regulate neuronal excitability and muscle tone.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. GABA's primary function is to reduce neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system.
2. Many anticonvulsant drugs enhance GABA activity to help control seizures.
3. Benzodiazepines, which are often used to treat anxiety and insomnia, work by enhancing GABA's effects.
4. GABA receptors are divided into two main types: GABA-A and GABA-B, with different mechanisms of action.
5. GABAergic drugs can be used in the treatment of epilepsy, anxiety disorders, and sleep disturbances.

Review Questions

• What is the primary role of GABA in the central nervous system?
• How do anticonvulsant drugs utilize GABA to control seizures?
• What are the two main types of GABA receptors?

Related terms

Neurotransmitter: A chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse.

Anticonvulsant: A drug used to prevent or reduce the severity of epileptic fits or other convulsions.

Benzodiazepine: A class of psychoactive drugs known for their sedative effect by enhancing the effect of GABA.