Epilepsy

Definition

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. It is caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Epilepsy can be classified into focal (partial) and generalized seizures based on the area of the brain affected.
2. Common anticonvulsant drugs used to treat epilepsy include phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproate.
3. First-line treatment for epilepsy often involves monotherapy with an appropriate anticonvulsant drug.
4. Status epilepticus is a medical emergency associated with prolonged or repeated seizures and requires immediate treatment.
5. Non-pharmacological treatments such as vagus nerve stimulation and ketogenic diets may be considered for refractory epilepsy.

Review Questions

• What are the two main classifications of seizures in epilepsy?
• Name three common anticonvulsant drugs used to treat epilepsy.
• What is status epilepticus and why is it considered a medical emergency?

Related terms

Seizure: A sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain causing changes in behavior, movements, feelings, or consciousness.

Anticonvulsant Drugs: Medications used to prevent or reduce the severity and frequency of seizures.

Status Epilepticus: A dangerous condition in which epileptic seizures follow one another without recovery of consciousness between them.