Empagliflozin

Definition

Empagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor used to manage blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients. It is also beneficial in reducing the risk of cardiovascular death in adults with heart failure.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Empagliflozin works by inhibiting the SGLT2 protein in the kidneys, which reduces glucose reabsorption and increases glucose excretion in urine.
2. It is effective in lowering HbA1c levels, a marker for long-term blood glucose control.
3. Empagliflozin has been shown to reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events and hospitalization for heart failure.
4. Common side effects include urinary tract infections and genital mycotic infections due to higher glucose levels in urine.
5. It can cause dehydration and hypotension, especially in elderly patients or those on diuretics.

Review Questions

• How does empagliflozin help manage blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes?
• What are two common side effects of empagliflozin?
• Why might empagliflozin be prescribed to a patient with heart failure?

Related terms

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2): A protein that helps reabsorb glucose from the kidneys back into the bloodstream.

HbA1c: A measure of average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months.

Diuretic: A medication that promotes the production of urine, often used to treat hypertension and edema.