Diclofenac

Definition

Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to reduce inflammation and pain in conditions such as arthritis. It works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which play a key role in the inflammatory response.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Diclofenac inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, reducing the production of prostaglandins involved in inflammation.
2. It is available in various forms including oral tablets, topical gels, and injectable solutions.
3. Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues like ulcers and bleeding, due to its inhibition of protective prostaglandins in the stomach lining.
4. It is often used to treat conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.
5. Patients with cardiovascular disease should use diclofenac with caution due to an increased risk of heart attack and stroke.

Review Questions

• What enzymes does diclofenac inhibit to exert its anti-inflammatory effects?
• Name two common side effects associated with diclofenac use.
• In what forms can diclofenac be administered?

Related terms

Cyclooxygenase (COX): Enzymes that convert arachidonic acid into prostaglandins, promoting inflammation.

Prostaglandins:

Lipid compounds that have diverse hormone-like effects including promoting inflammation.

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): A class of drugs that reduce inflammation, pain, and fever by inhibiting COX enzymes.