Desmopressin

Definition

Desmopressin is a synthetic analog of the natural pituitary hormone vasopressin, used primarily to treat diabetes insipidus and certain bleeding disorders. It works by reducing urine production and increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Desmopressin is often administered nasally, orally, or via injection.
2. It is used to manage central diabetes insipidus, which is caused by a deficiency of vasopressin.
3. Desmopressin can also be prescribed for conditions like nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) and hemophilia A.
4. The drug acts on V2 receptors in the renal collecting ducts to promote water reabsorption.
5. Possible side effects include hyponatremia (low blood sodium levels), headache, and nausea.

Review Questions

• What are the primary medical uses of desmopressin?
• How does desmopressin affect kidney function?
• Name two potential side effects of desmopressin.

Related terms

Vasopressin:

A natural antidiuretic hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates water balance in the body.

Central Diabetes Insipidus:

A condition characterized by excessive thirst and urination due to inadequate secretion of vasopressin.

Hyponatremia:

A medical condition where there is an abnormally low concentration of sodium in the blood, often a side effect of desmopressin.