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Cytochrome P450 enzyme system

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Pharmacology for Nurses

Definition

The cytochrome P450 enzyme system is a group of enzymes primarily found in the liver that play a crucial role in the metabolism of drugs, including psychopharmacologic drugs such as antidepressants. These enzymes can influence the effectiveness and toxicity of medications by affecting their breakdown and elimination from the body.

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5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Cytochrome P450 enzymes are responsible for the oxidative metabolism of many antidepressants, including SSRIs, SNRIs, and tricyclics.
  2. Genetic variations in cytochrome P450 enzymes can lead to differences in how individuals metabolize antidepressant medications, potentially affecting drug efficacy and risk of side effects.
  3. Common cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in antidepressant metabolism include CYP2D6, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4.
  4. Inhibitors or inducers of cytochrome P450 enzymes can alter plasma levels of antidepressants, necessitating dose adjustments to avoid adverse effects or therapeutic failure.
  5. Co-administration of multiple drugs metabolized by the same cytochrome P450 enzyme can result in drug-drug interactions, impacting treatment outcomes.

Review Questions

  • What role do cytochrome P450 enzymes play in the metabolism of antidepressants?
  • How can genetic variations in cytochrome P450 enzymes affect an individual's response to antidepressant therapy?
  • Name two common cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in the metabolism of antidepressants.

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