Cushing’s syndrome

Definition

Cushing’s syndrome is a hormonal disorder caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol. It can result from either endogenous overproduction or exogenous sources such as glucocorticoid medications.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cushing's syndrome can be caused by long-term use of glucocorticoid medication like prednisone.
2. Symptoms include weight gain, particularly around the abdomen and face, hypertension, and osteoporosis.
3. Endogenous causes include pituitary adenomas that secrete excess ACTH, leading to adrenal hyperplasia.
4. Diagnosis often involves measuring cortisol levels in urine, blood, or saliva and conducting imaging studies to locate tumors.
5. Treatment may involve reducing corticosteroid use, surgery to remove tumors, or medications that inhibit cortisol production.

Review Questions

• What are the common symptoms associated with Cushing’s syndrome?
• How can long-term glucocorticoid therapy contribute to the development of Cushing’s syndrome?
• What are the primary methods used to diagnose Cushing’s syndrome?

Related terms

Glucocorticoids:

A class of corticosteroids involved in metabolism regulation and immune response suppression.

Mineralocorticoids:

Steroid hormones that regulate electrolyte and water balance.

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone): A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates cortisol release from the adrenal glands.