Crystalloid solutions

Definition

Crystalloid solutions are intravenous fluids that contain water and electrolytes, mimicking the body's plasma. They are used to replace lost fluids and treat dehydration.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Crystalloid solutions can be isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic depending on their osmolarity relative to plasma.
2. Common examples of crystalloid solutions include normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride) and lactated Ringer's solution.
3. Isotonic crystalloid solutions are often used for fluid resuscitation in patients with hypovolemia or shock.
4. Hypotonic crystalloid solutions can cause cellular swelling and should not be used in patients with increased intracranial pressure.
5. Overuse of crystalloid solutions can lead to fluid overload and edema.

Review Questions

• What are the main components of crystalloid solutions?
• When would you use an isotonic versus a hypotonic crystalloid solution?
• What risks are associated with excessive administration of crystalloid solutions?

Related terms

Colloid Solutions: Intravenous fluids that contain larger molecules like proteins, which stay in the vascular space longer.

Isotonic Solution: A solution with the same osmolarity as blood plasma, used to maintain fluid balance.

Hypertonic Solution: A solution with higher osmolarity than blood plasma, leading to water moving out of cells into the bloodstream.