Corticosteroids

Definition

Corticosteroids are synthetic drugs that mimic the effects of hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, primarily cortisol. They are used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system in various medical conditions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Corticosteroids can be administered orally, intravenously, or as topical ointments depending on the condition being treated.
2. They are commonly prescribed for autoimmune diseases, allergic reactions, asthma, and certain cancers.
3. Long-term use of corticosteroids can lead to side effects such as osteoporosis, weight gain, diabetes, and increased risk of infections.
4. Corticosteroids work by inhibiting the production of substances that trigger inflammatory and immune responses.
5. Patients must be carefully monitored for adrenal insufficiency when discontinuing corticosteroid therapy to avoid withdrawal symptoms.

Review Questions

• What are the primary medical uses of corticosteroids?
• Describe two potential side effects associated with long-term corticosteroid use.
• How do corticosteroids function in reducing inflammation?

Related terms

Adrenal Cortex: The outer portion of the adrenal glands that produces corticosteroids including cortisol.

Immunosuppressants: Drugs that inhibit or prevent activity of the immune system.

Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Medications used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain.