Cortical nephrons

Definition

Cortical nephrons are the functional units of the kidney located primarily in the renal cortex. They play a crucial role in filtering blood and forming urine.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cortical nephrons constitute approximately 85% of all nephrons in the human kidney.
2. They have shorter loops of Henle which do not extend deep into the medulla, unlike juxtamedullary nephrons.
3. These nephrons are primarily involved in processes such as filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
4. Blood flow to cortical nephrons is supplied by peritubular capillaries rather than vasa recta.
5. They are essential for regulating electrolytes, acid-base balance, and removing waste products from the blood.

Review Questions

• What percentage of nephrons in the human kidney are cortical nephrons?
• How do the loops of Henle in cortical nephrons differ from those in juxtamedullary nephrons?
• What primary functions do cortical nephrons perform in the kidneys?

Related terms

Renal Cortex:

The outer region of the kidney where cortical nephrons are predominantly located.

Juxtamedullary Nephron: A type of nephron with longer loops of Henle that extend deep into the medulla, playing a key role in concentrating urine.

Peritubular Capillaries:

Capillaries that surround the tubules of cortical nephrons and are involved in reabsorption and secretion.