Chylomicrons

Definition

Chylomicrons are large lipoprotein particles that transport dietary lipids from the intestines to other locations in the body. They play a crucial role in lipid metabolism and are primarily composed of triglycerides.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Chylomicrons are synthesized in the enterocytes of the small intestine.
2. They contain apolipoproteins such as ApoB-48 and ApoA-I, which are essential for their structure and function.
3. After being released into the lymphatic system, chylomicrons enter the bloodstream via the thoracic duct.
4. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes triglycerides in chylomicrons, allowing fatty acids to be absorbed by tissues.
5. Chylomicron remnants are eventually taken up by the liver for recycling or excretion.

Review Questions

• Where are chylomicrons synthesized?
• What is the primary function of chylomicrons in lipid metabolism?
• Which enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing triglycerides in chylomicrons?

Related terms

Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL): An enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides in lipoproteins like chylomicrons into free fatty acids.

Apolipoproteins: Proteins that bind lipids to form lipoproteins; they help stabilize these particles and direct their functions.

Enterocytes:

Intestinal epithelial cells where absorption of nutrients and synthesis of chylomicrons occur.