Central nervous system (CNS)

Definition

The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing and transmitting information throughout the body. It integrates sensory information and coordinates bodily functions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The CNS is composed of two main structures: the brain and spinal cord.
2. Neurons in the CNS transmit electrical signals to communicate within the body.
3. The blood-brain barrier protects the CNS from harmful substances in the bloodstream.
4. Neurotransmitters play a key role in signal transmission within the CNS.
5. Damage to the CNS can result in severe impairments such as paralysis or loss of cognitive functions.

Review Questions

• What are the two main components of the central nervous system?
• How does the blood-brain barrier protect the central nervous system?
• Why are neurotransmitters important for CNS function?

Related terms

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Consists of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord that connect the CNS to limbs and organs.

Neuron: A nerve cell that transmits electrical and chemical signals in the nervous system.

Synapse: A junction where a neuron communicates with another cell via neurotransmitters.