Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Definition

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It commonly affects children but can continue into adulthood.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. CNS stimulants like methylphenidate and amphetamines are commonly used to treat ADHD.
2. Nonstimulant medications such as atomoxetine and guanfacine are also prescribed for ADHD management.
3. Stimulant medications increase the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain to improve attention and focus.
4. Atomoxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) that helps manage ADHD symptoms without stimulating effects.
5. Common side effects of stimulant medications include insomnia, decreased appetite, and increased heart rate.

Review Questions

• What are the primary types of medications used to treat ADHD?
• How do stimulant medications work to alleviate symptoms of ADHD?
• What is a key difference between stimulant and nonstimulant treatments for ADHD?

Related terms

Methylphenidate:

A CNS stimulant commonly used to treat ADHD.

Amphetamines:

A class of stimulant drugs that increase dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain.

Atomoxetine:

A nonstimulant medication that selectively inhibits norepinephrine reuptake for ADHD treatment.