Anticholinergic effects

Definition

Anticholinergic effects are physiological reactions caused by the inhibition of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the central and peripheral nervous system. These effects can impact various bodily functions including digestion and heart rate.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Anticholinergic effects can lead to dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, and cognitive impairment.
2. Common gastrointestinal drugs with anticholinergic properties include some antidiarrheals which help reduce bowel movements.
3. These effects are particularly significant in elderly patients who may be more susceptible to cognitive decline and fall risks.
4. Anticholinergic medications work by blocking muscarinic receptors which are involved in the parasympathetic nervous system.
5. Overdose or prolonged use of anticholinergic drugs can result in severe complications such as delirium or tachycardia.

Review Questions

• What are the common symptoms associated with anticholinergic effects?
• Why might elderly patients be more affected by anticholinergic drugs?
• How do antidiarrheal medications with anticholinergic properties function?

Related terms

Acetylcholine: A neurotransmitter involved in many functions including muscle movement and heart rate.

Muscarinic Receptors: Receptors that mediate various physiological functions influenced by acetylcholine.

Tachycardia: An abnormally rapid heart rate often induced by certain medications or health conditions.