Allopurinol

Definition

Allopurinol is a medication used to reduce uric acid levels in the blood, commonly prescribed for conditions like gout and kidney stones. It works by inhibiting xanthine oxidase, an enzyme involved in uric acid production.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Allopurinol is used primarily to treat chronic gout and prevent recurrent kidney stones.
2. The drug works by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase, reducing the production of uric acid.
3. Common side effects include rash, gastrointestinal upset, and liver enzyme abnormalities.
4. It is important to monitor renal function and liver enzymes during allopurinol therapy.
5. Allopurinol can interact with other medications such as azathioprine and mercaptopurine, necessitating dose adjustments.

Review Questions

• What is the primary mechanism of action for Allopurinol?
• List two common side effects associated with Allopurinol use.
• Why is it important to monitor renal function in patients taking Allopurinol?

Related terms

Gout:

A type of arthritis characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness in joints.

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors: A class of drugs that inhibit the activity of xanthine oxidase to decrease uric acid production.

Uric Acid:

A chemical created when the body breaks down substances called purines; high levels can lead to gout or kidney stones.