Acetazolamide

Definition

Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to reduce fluid build-up and pressure in conditions like glaucoma and intracranial hypertension. It is also used to treat certain types of seizures and altitude sickness.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Acetazolamide decreases the production of cerebrospinal fluid, which helps lower intracranial pressure.
2. It is often used as an adjunct treatment for epilepsy when other medications are insufficient.
3. Common side effects include metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, and paresthesia.
4. Acetazolamide can induce diuresis leading to electrolyte imbalances; monitoring of electrolyte levels is essential during treatment.
5. The drug interacts with salicylates, which can increase the risk of toxicity.

Review Questions

• What primary mechanism does acetazolamide use to lower intracranial pressure?
• List three common side effects associated with acetazolamide use.
• How does acetazolamide interact with salicylates, and why is this clinically significant?

Related terms

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors:

A class of drugs that reduce fluid build-up by inhibiting the enzyme carbonic anhydrase.

Intracranial Hypertension:

A condition characterized by increased pressure within the skull.

Diuretics:

Medications that promote diuresis, or increased urine production.